One of Japan’s most alluring features is its passionately preserved culture.
Every prefecture has its own customs and destinations that contribute to the country’s unique heritage. In this article, we will be looking at some of the most popular cultural attractions in Western Japan. Join us as we explore a one-of-a-kind landscape garden, iconic castles, must-visit hot spring towns, geisha culture, street food, and so much more.
Kagoshima City
Located in one of Japan’s southernmost prefectures, Kagoshima is a vibrant city home to stunning volcanic sceneries and a samurai-entwined history. At the heart of the city is Sakurajima, one of Japan’s most active volcanoes. Its presence is undeniably breathtaking and serves as a backdrop for numerous Kagoshima destinations, including the renowned Sengan-en.
Sengan-en is considered one of Japan’s most beautiful landscape gardens and is one of the country’s best examples of shakkei (borrowed scenery)—incorporating views of Sakurajima and Kinko Bay into its design for immersive viewing experiences.
Sengan-en was built 350 years ago as an estate for the head of the Shimadzu Family, a powerful samurai clan that ruled over southern Kyushu for over 700 years. Today, the garden still retains its historical roots, featuring traditional Japanese aesthetics alongside Chinese elements. In the past, the garden’s manor served as a guest house for dignitaries from Japan and abroad. The current reproduction of the building’s interior displays a unique Japanese-Western fusion style, illustrating how foreign dignitaries were entertained in a Western style. Nearby, the Shoko Shuseikan Museum further showcases the Shimadzu clan’s legacy and their influence leading to the Meiji period (1868–1912), a time of modernization in Japan.
For more samurai-era insight, join one of the garden’s numerous hands-on experiences. Dress in traditional samurai armor, wear elegant garments, or try Shihan Mato, a type of archery that samurai in southern Kyushu enjoyed as entertainment during banquets. You can also take part in a Satsuma Kiriko workshop—a style of cut glass known for its vibrant colors and refined Japanese aesthetic.
If you are craving some local refreshments, be sure to stop by the Sengan-en Tea House, which serves Kagoshima tea, including matcha and sencha, paired with regional sweets.
Hiroshima Prefecture
Hiroshima, located in Japan’s Chugoku region, is a culturally rich and historically significant prefecture. Geographically, it extends into the Seto Inland Sea with a collection of small islands—the most famous one being Miyajima.
Miyajima, officially named Itsukushima, is home to the visually captivating Itsukushima Shrine. Built over 1,400 years ago and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this shrine transports you to a mystical realm where vermilion buildings “float” atop the rippling tide. The most recognizable structure—Otorii, the shrine’s entrance gate—stands just off of Miyajima’s coast and serves as both a symbol of Miyajima and one of Japan’s most cherished sightseeing spots. High tide provides the shrine’s most iconic visuals, while low tide reveals a walking path to Otorii’s base where you can observe the grand gate up close.
Around Miyajima, the Seto Inland Sea dappled with islands creates the perfect setting for a dreamy cruise. Sail across the sparkling ocean during the day or join a night cruise and witness Itsukushima Shrine’s illuminated reflection on the inky sea.
Moving inland to central Hiroshima, you will find Hiroshima Castle, a structure with over 400 years of history. Although the original castle was tragically destroyed during WWII, it was reconstructed in 1958. Alongside the nearby Atomic Bomb Dome, Hiroshima Castle acts as a powerful symbol of the city’s destruction and rebirth. Here, you can admire the castle’s traditional facade, moat, and stone walls, as well as learn about the area’s history. The top floor offers panoramic views of the cityscape.
Pair your castle trip with visits to the nearby Gokoku Shrine and traditional Japanese garden, Shukkeien, to gain a deeper appreciation of Japan’s diverse culture.
Matsuyama City
Located across the Seto Inland Sea from Hiroshima, Matsuyama is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture and is perhaps best known for Dogo Onsen and Matsuyama Castle.
Dogo Onsen is said to be Japan’s oldest hot spring resort, with approximately 3,000 years of history. The onsen’s main building, Dogo Onsen Honkan, is the only public bath house in Japan with facilities exclusively for the Imperial Family, demonstrating its prestige.
Rebuilt about 130 years ago, Dogo Onsen Honkan serves as a symbol of the hot spring town and is a representative example of modern Japanese-style architecture. The three-story structure showcases both Western and Japanese designs, offering valuable cultural experiences in a timeless setting.
In the retro town, visitors often don their onsen or ryokan-provided yukata (lightweight kimono) as they wander through the historical area. Photo opportunities are aplenty!
About a two-minute walk from Dogo Onsen Honkan, Dogo Onsen Asuka-no-Yu has a striking exterior constructed in the architectural style of the Asuka period (538–710). Inside, the bath house is adorned with elegant decor inspired by local legends that incorporate Ehime handicrafts and art. Here, you can wear a yucho (ancient-style bathing robe), which is uncommon in typical Japanese onsen.
While you are in the area, Matsuyama Castle is a must-visit. As one of Japan’s 12 original castles—castles that have survived since the end of Japan’s feudal era (1868)—Matsuyama Castle is a treasure trove of information about feudal Japan. The castle’s most iconic feature is its main keep, which dates back to 1820. The vast, multi-winged keep acted as an important defense point where samurai could monitor enemy movements. Given its elevated position atop Mt. Katsuyama, the top floor of the castle’s main keep also offers stunning panoramas of the city and Seto Inland Sea.
Kobe City
For most tourists, Kobe, situated in Hyogo Prefecture, is synonymous with its high-quality wagyu beef. While this sentiment is understandable, given the beef’s heavenly flavor and texture, the city is so much more than this singular culinary delight. In fact, Kobe is home to one of Japan’s oldest hot spring resorts and an enduring geisha culture.
The area’s geisha, called Arima geiko, are said to have stemmed from yuna—women who provided beautifying services at hot spring inns. Today, these geiko, recognizable by their distinct hairstyles, white-based makeup, and elegant kimono, continue to preserve the traditional arts and customs of their predecessors.
For a rare opportunity to witness this Japanese culture up close, visit Geiko Cafe Ito, which hosts weekend geiko performances. The cafe even offers a geiko transformation experience led by an active Arima geiko, in which you don authentic makeup and attire. Walk around the hot spring town and snap unforgettable pictures.
Arima Onsen itself—considered one of Japan’s “Three Ancient Springs” and “Three Famous Springs”—has a history that dates back to mythology. One of Japan’s most powerful feudal lords, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, cherished and frequented this onsen. Today, the hot spring town still paints a nostalgic image of historical Japan, where billowing steam from hot springs and narrow alleyways flanked by wooden buildings sit encircled by mountains. During summer, outdoor seating, called kawadoko, pops up alongside Arima River, creating a lively ambience.
Of course, Arima Onsen’s most prized assets are its natural hot springs, called Kinsen (golden spring) and Ginsen (silver spring). Both springs are rich in minerals and offer numerous health benefits. Kinsen is especially renowned for its large amounts of iron ions and reddish-brown color. Both ensure a rejuvenating soak.
Fukuoka City
Located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Fukuoka is one of Japan’s largest cities and a must-visit for foodies looking to uncover Japan’s special yatai culture.
Yatai are small, open-air food stalls that typically appear in the evening. In Fukuoka, approximately 100 yatai decorate the sidewalks and streets every night, bathing the city in mouthwatering aromas and atmospheric lighting. This culinary culture is unique to Fukuoka and is one of its greatest charms, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Given the stalls’ small sizes, they generally can only seat a few people at a time, creating an intimate space that immerses you in Japanese food and hospitality.
At their core, yatai are about food. Dine on Japanese classics, like ramen, oden (a type of one-pot Japanese soup), and yakitori (skewered dishes), as well as international menus, like French cuisine and game meat dishes. To truly appreciate the diversity of cuisines on offer, we recommend “yatai-hopping”—visiting multiple yatai in one night. Stall owners are also great sources of information, so be sure to ask them about their favorite yatai spots!
Interestingly, Fukuoka is one of the few cities in Japan where yatai operate with official business permits. Although the number of yatai has decreased in recent years, their vibrant culture is still very much alive thanks to the dedication and passion of locals. When you visit a yatai, you will not only create exceptional memories of your time in Japan, but also support Fukuoka’s exclusive dining culture.
In order to get the most out of your yatai experience, please acquaint yourself with the following etiquette rules: do not stay too long at a single yatai, order at least one item per person, do not bring large luggage, and try to use the restroom before you visit.
Broaden your cultural horizons
Thanks to its beautifully preserved heritage and history, Western Japan is your gateway to an immersive adventure you will not soon forget.
Local government resources
Kagoshima City
Hiroshima Prefecture
Matsuyama City
Kobe City
Fukuoka City